1999.09.22 Are all ants female?

Yes, if you are talking about the worker ants. Here's a simple chart, by Mr. Ant, to determinate each ant's gender in any colony:

• Workers = female

• Wingless queen = fertilized female (after mating)

• Winged queen/princess = female (haven't mated or just recently mated before removing her wings)

• Winged male/drone/prince = male (generally very small in most species)

• Soldiers (in some species) = female (very big ants with strong mandibles and head only for protection of the colony and fighting against other colonies) --Jinei